Disk

OpenBSD - USB

OpenBSD

dmesg

show disks

dmesg |grep ^sd. 

sd0 at scsibus1 targ 0 lun 0: <ATA, KingFast, T031> t10.ATA_KingFast_04xxxxxxxxxxxx
sd0: 114473MB, 512 bytes/sector, 234441648 sectors, thin
sd1 at scsibus4 targ 1 lun 0: <JetFlash, Transcend 8GB, 1100> removable serial.85xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
sd1: 7450MB, 512 bytes/sector, 15257600 sectors

Show DiskLabel

sysctl hw.disknames

hw.disknames=sd0:9axxxxxxxxxxxxxx,sd1:60xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Show Disklabel sd1

disklabel sd1 

disklabel sd1 
# /dev/rsd1c:
type: SCSI
disk: SCSI disk
label: Transcend 8GB
duid: 60xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 63
tracks/cylinder: 255
sectors/cylinder: 16065
cylinders: 949
total sectors: 15257600
boundstart: 64
boundend: 15257600

16 partitions:
#                size           offset  fstype [fsize bsize   cpg]
  c:         15257600                0  unused

Fdisk

kill everything

OpenBSD 7.3 - Diskusage

OpenBSD

New Proposal for 7.3

there is an request for at least 1.1GB free Storage at the /usr Partition when upgrading your systeme with sysupgrade. so, i have to adapt my settings a bit for new vm’s with at least 25GB Storage.

Example with 20GB

a 4G  /
a 1G  swap
a 1G  /tmp
a 4G  /var
a 6G  /usr
a *   /home (ca. 4 GB)

Example with 25GB (Vultr)

a 4G  /
a 2G  swap
a 2G  /tmp
a 6G  /var
a 6G  /usr
a *   /home (ca. 5 GB)

which results in:

root@puffy# df -h
Filesystem     Size    Used   Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/sd0a      3.9G   55.8M    3.6G     2%    /
/dev/sd0g      4.8G    2.0K    4.6G     1%    /home
/dev/sd0d      1.9G   10.0K    1.8G     1%    /tmp
/dev/sd0f      5.8G    1.4G    4.1G    26%    /usr
/dev/sd0e      5.8G    7.7M    5.5G     1%    /var

Example with 32GB

a 4G  /
a 1G  swap
a 2G  /tmp
a 8G  /var
a 8G  /usr
a *   /home (ca. 9 GB)

which results in:

root@puffy# df -h
Filesystem     Size    Used   Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/sd0a      3.9G    876M    2.8G    24%    /
/dev/sd0g      8.7G    119M    8.1G     2%    /home
/dev/sd0d      1.9G    108K    1.8G     1%    /tmp
/dev/sd0f      7.8G    2.6G    4.8G    35%    /usr
/dev/sd0e      7.8G   19.6M    7.3G     1%    /var

Example with 40GB (Hetzner)

a 4G  /
a 2G  swap
a 2G  /tmp
a 16G /var
a 8G  /usr
a 8G  /home (ca. 8 GB)

which results in:

root@puffy# df -h

Example with 80GB (Hetzner)

a 4G  /
a 4G  swap
a 4G  /tmp
a 16G /var
a 16G /usr
a 16G /home
a *   /data (ca. 16 GB)

which results in:

root@template74 # df -h
Filesystem     Size    Used   Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/sd0a      3.9G    220M    3.5G     6%    /
/dev/sd0h     15.5G    2.0K   14.7G     1%    /data
/dev/sd0g     15.5G   14.0K   14.7G     1%    /home
/dev/sd0d      3.9G   14.0K    3.7G     1%    /tmp
/dev/sd0f     15.5G    2.0G   12.7G    14%    /usr
/dev/sd0e     15.5G   10.6M   14.7G     1%    /var
Any Comments ?

sha256: 98fa116cf8d4782253fc3da12042383893d396b1ad8d8c146a9e3dfd6c20e7d9

Softraid on OpenBSD

OpenBSD

Softraid

Inspired by a book from MWL - OpenBSD Mastery Filesystems, here some Notes ..

Target

build a RAID with 3 Disks, add some Data, destroy one Disk, and rebuild the Raid (and it’s Data).

Requirements

  • OpenBSD 7.2 Running
  • added 3 Disk with 20G each: sd0, sd1, sd2

Find Disks

root@puffy # dmesg |grep -i sec

wd0: 64-sector PIO, LBA, 20480MB, 41943040 sectors
sd0: 20480MB, 512 bytes/sector, 41943040 sectors
sd1: 20480MB, 512 bytes/sector, 41943040 sectors
sd2: 20480MB, 512 bytes/sector, 41943040 sectors

sd0, sd1, sd2 are New Disks for RAID

OpenBSD - Full Disk Encryption

OpenBSD, Security

Intro

I never used the Fulldisk Encryption Feature as there was no need for. It doesn’t make sense for Hosted VM’s, as you have to enter the Passphrase at every boot at the Console. So, it’s a pain and still possible to intercept on the Hosters Infrastructure. Disk Encryption does not make sense at home, as all my Devices remains at home (and hopefully never got stolen). It would make sense on a Notebook, but i’m more the Apple Fanboy when it comes to portable Machines. And there, we have FileVault which basically does the same. However, i’d like to give a try with a Test VM. There are plenty of instructions how to setup up, i just tried one and made some notes as usual.

OpenBSD 7.x Diskusage

OpenBSD

Background

It seems as OpenBSD (and the installed Software) is useing more and more Space in the /usr Partition. For Upgrading to 7.1, at least 1.1 GB Free Space is needed. So, i’m gooing to update my Default Partitioning Proposal like this:

Example with 25 GB

root@puffy# df -h
Filesystem     Size    Used   Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/sd0a      3.9G    766M    2.9G    20%    /
/dev/sd0d      1.9G   20.0K    1.8G     0%    /tmp
/dev/sd0e      5.8G   36.1M    7.3G     0%    /var
/dev/sd0f      7.8G    3.6G    3.8G    49%    /usr
/dev/sd0g      2.xG    150M    7.2G     2%    /home

which results in this:

a 4G  /
a 2G  swap
a 2G  /tmp
a 6G  /var
a 8G  /usr
a *   /home

Example with 32 GB

root@puffy# df -h
Filesystem     Size    Used   Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/sd0a      3.9G    766M    2.9G    20%    /
/dev/sd0d      1.9G   20.0K    1.8G     0%    /tmp
/dev/sd0e      7.8G   36.1M    7.3G     0%    /var
/dev/sd0f      7.8G    3.6G    3.8G    49%    /usr
/dev/sd0g      7.7G    150M    7.2G     2%    /home

which results in this:

a 4G  /
a 2G  swap
a 2G  /tmp
a 8G  /var
a 8G  /usr
a *   /home
Any Comments ?

sha256: 2f78497b58d2704bc07a1d2404cefe74432d634a4d816bb58f11b5c0a359627f

OpenBSD 6.x Diskusage

OpenBSD

How much Disk is used with Default Partitioning

puffy66# df -h
Filesystem     Size    Used   Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/sd0a     1005M   96.1M    858M    10%    /
/dev/sd0k      9.6G    2.0K    9.1G     0%    /home
/dev/sd0d      1.8G   12.0K    1.7G     0%    /tmp
/dev/sd0f      2.5G    955M    1.4G    39%    /usr
/dev/sd0g     1005M    202M    752M    21%    /usr/X11R6
/dev/sd0h      4.2G    218K    3.9G     0%    /usr/local
/dev/sd0j      5.8G    2.0K    5.5G     0%    /usr/obj
/dev/sd0i      1.7G    2.0K    1.6G     0%    /usr/src
/dev/sd0e      2.8G    5.9M    2.7G     0%    /var

Example with 32 GB

puffy66# df -h
Filesystem     Size    Used   Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/sd0a      3.9G   96.1M    3.6G     3%    /
/dev/sd0g      7.8G    2.0K    7.4G     0%    /home
/dev/sd0d      2.0G   12.0K    1.9G     0%    /tmp
/dev/sd0f      7.9G    1.1G    6.4G    15%    /usr
/dev/sd0e      7.9G    5.9M    7.5G     0%    /var

Partition Proposal for 16GB

/dev/sd0a 2G  /
/dev/sd0b 1G  swap
/dev/sd0d 1G  /tmp
/dev/sd0e 4G  /var
/dev/sd0f 4G  /usr
/dev/sd0g 4G  /home

Partition Proposal for 20GB

/dev/sd0a 2G  /
/dev/sd0b 1G  swap
/dev/sd0d 1G  /tmp
/dev/sd0e 6G  /var
/dev/sd0f 6G  /usr
/dev/sd0g 4G  /home

Partition Proposal for 32GB

/dev/sd0a 4G  /
/dev/sd0b 2G  swap
/dev/sd0d 2G  /tmp
/dev/sd0e 8G  /var
/dev/sd0f 8G  /usr
/dev/sd0g 8G  /home

Partition Proposal for 64GB

/dev/sd0a 4G  /
/dev/sd0b 2G  swap
/dev/sd0d 2G  /tmp
/dev/sd0e 8G  /var
/dev/sd0f 8G  /usr
/dev/sd0g 8G  /home
/dev/sd0h 32G /data

Templates APU 16GB

cat << 'EOF' > autodisklabel
/       2G
swap    0.5G
/tmp    1G
/usr    4G
/var    4G
/home   4G
EOF

Templates APU 120GB

cat << 'EOF' > autodisklabel
/       4G
swap    4G
/tmp    4G
/usr    8G
/var    8G
/home   16G
/data   64G
EOF

Quick and Dirty APU 120GB

a 4G /root
a 4G swap
a 4G /tmp
a 8G /usr
a 8G /home
a *  /var

-> which results in:

apu-120GB# df -h
Filesystem     Size    Used   Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/sd0a      3.9G   75.0M    3.6G     2%    /
/dev/sd0f      7.8G    2.0K    7.4G     0%    /home
/dev/sd0d      3.9G   16.0K    3.7G     0%    /tmp
/dev/sd0e      7.8G    1.2G    6.1G    17%    /usr
/dev/sd0g     81.1G    7.0M   77.1G     0%    /var
Any Comments ?

sha256: 8b0fa0f79f422c4d4ed8eb1ee67cda1d67470ff8aec34f18bb7715b6ea4291f0